Technology - Infrastructure - Networks 1 - Network and Calls
We discuss the history and current ubiquitous deployment of circuit-switched telephone networks and the analogue POTS and digital ISDN telephone services they operate with. Telephone exchanges, PC- and router-based alternatives to exchanges, ISDN voice and data calls, echo cancellation and voice compression are also discussed.

 Table of Contents 1. Synopsis 2. Introduction and historical perspective 2.1.1 Alternatives to ‘big-iron' exchanges 3. A circuit-switched network 3.1 The inter-exchange network 3.2 Contrasting the telephone network and the Internet 4. Voice calls 4.1 Analogue POTS telephone calls 4.1.1 Twisted pair copper telephone wires 4.1.2 Echoes and echo cancellation 4.2 Compression of voice signals 4.2.1 Analysis and re-synthesis 4.3 ISDN voice and data calls 4.3.1 Charging for ISDN calls 5. Telephone exchanges 6. Related reports

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